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Compare Tuvalu (2003) - Coral Sea Islands (2004)
Compare Tuvalu (2003) z Coral Sea Islands (2004)
| Tuvalu (2003) | Coral Sea Islands (2004) | |
 |  | |
| Administrative divisions | none | - |
| Age structure | 0-14 years: 31.9% (male 1,838; female 1,772)
15-64 years: 63% (male 3,432; female 3,687) 65 years and over: 5.1% (male 231; female 345) (2003 est.) |
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| Agriculture - products | coconuts; fish | - |
| Airports | 1 (2002) | - |
| Airports - with unpaved runways | total: 1
1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2002) |
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| Area | total: 26 sq km
land: 26 sq km water: 0 sq km |
total: less than 3 sq km
land: less than 3 sq km water: 0 sq km note: includes numerous small islands and reefs scattered over a sea area of about 780,000 sq km, with the Willis Islets the most important |
| Area - comparative | 0.1 times the size of Washington, DC | NA |
| Background | In 1974, ethnic differences within the British colony of the Gilbert and Ellice Islands caused the Polynesians of the Ellice Islands to vote for separation from the Micronesians of the Gilbert Islands. The following year, the Ellice Islands became the separate British colony of Tuvalu. Independence was granted in 1978. In 2000, Tuvalu negotiated a contract leasing its Internet domain name ".tv" for $50 million in royalties over the next dozen years. | Scattered over some 1 million square kilometers of ocean, the Coral Sea Islands were declared a territory of Australia in 1969. They are uninhabited except for a small meteorological staff on the Willis Islets. Automated weather stations, beacons, and a lighthouse occupy many other islands and reefs. |
| Birth rate | 21.58 births/1,000 population (2003 est.) | - |
| Budget | revenues: $22.5 million
expenditures: $11.2 million, including capital expenditures of $4.2 million (2000 est.) |
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| Capital | Funafuti | - |
| Climate | tropical; moderated by easterly trade winds (March to November); westerly gales and heavy rain (November to March) | tropical |
| Coastline | 24 km | 3,095 km |
| Constitution | 1 October 1978 | - |
| Country name | conventional long form: none
conventional short form: Tuvalu former: Ellice Islands note: "Tuvalu" means "group of eight," referring to the country's eight traditionally inhabited islands |
conventional long form: Coral Sea Islands Territory
conventional short form: Coral Sea Islands |
| Currency | Australian dollar (AUD); note - there is also a Tuvaluan dollar | - |
| Death rate | 7.34 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.) | - |
| Debt - external | $NA | - |
| Dependency status | - | territory of Australia; administered from Canberra by the Department of the Environment, Sport, and Territories |
| Diplomatic representation from the US | the US does not have an embassy in Tuvalu; the US ambassador to Fiji is accredited to Tuvalu | none (territory of Australia) |
| Diplomatic representation in the US | Tuvalu does not have an embassy in the US - the country's only diplomatic post is in Fiji - Tuvalu does, however, have a UN office located at 800 2nd Avenue, Suite 400D, New York, New York 10017, telephone: [1] (212) 490-0534 | none (territory of Australia) |
| Disputes - international | none | none |
| Economic aid - recipient | $13 million ; note - major donors are Australia, Japan, and the US (1999 est.) | - |
| Economy - overview | Tuvalu consists of a densely populated, scattered group of nine coral atolls with poor soil. The country has no known mineral resources and few exports. Subsistence farming and fishing are the primary economic activities. Fewer than 1,000 tourists, on average, visit Tuvalu annually. Government revenues largely come from the sale of stamps and coins and worker remittances. About 1,000 Tuvaluans work in Nauru in the phosphate mining industry. Nauru has begun repatriating Tuvaluans, however, as phosphate resources decline. Substantial income is received annually from an international trust fund established in 1987 by Australia, NZ, and the UK and supported also by Japan and South Korea. Thanks to wise investments and conservative withdrawals, this Fund has grown from an initial $17 million to over $35 million in 1999. The US government is also a major revenue source for Tuvalu, because of payments from a 1988 treaty on fisheries. In an effort to reduce its dependence on foreign aid, the government is pursuing public sector reforms, including privatization of some government functions and personnel cuts of up to 7%. In 1998, Tuvalu began deriving revenue from use of its area code for "900" lines and in 2000, from the lease of its ".tv" Internet domain name. Royalties from these new technology sources could increase substantially over the next decade. With merchandise exports only a fraction of merchandise imports, continued reliance must be placed on fishing and telecommunications license fees, remittances from overseas workers, official transfers, and investment income from overseas assets. | no economic activity |
| Electricity - production by source | fossil fuel: NA%
hydro: NA% nuclear: NA% other: NA% |
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| Elevation extremes | lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m
highest point: unnamed location 5 m |
lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m
highest point: unnamed location on Cato Island 6 m |
| Environment - current issues | since there are no streams or rivers and groundwater is not potable, most water needs must be met by catchment systems with storage facilities (the Japanese Government has built one desalination plant and plans to build one other); beachhead erosion because of the use of sand for building materials; excessive clearance of forest undergrowth for use as fuel; damage to coral reefs from the spread of the Crown of Thorns starfish; Tuvalu is very concerned about global increases in greenhouse gas emissions and their effect on rising sea levels, which threaten the country's underground water table; in 2000, the government appealed to Australia and New Zealand to take in Tuvaluans if rising sea levels should make evacuation necessary | no permanent fresh water resources |
| Environment - international agreements | party to: Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution
signed, but not ratified: Biodiversity, Law of the Sea |
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| Ethnic groups | Polynesian 96%, Micronesian 4% | - |
| Exchange rates | Tuvaluan dollars or Australian dollars per US dollar - 1.8406 (2002), 1.9320 (2001), 1.7173 (2000), 1.5497 (1999), 1.5888 (1998) | - |
| Executive branch | chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by Governor General Faimalaga LUKA (since 9 September 2003)
head of government: Prime Minister Saufatu SOPOANGA (since 2 August 2002) cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the governor general on the recommendation of the prime minister elections: the monarch is hereditary; governor general appointed by the monarch on the recommendation of the prime minister; prime minister and deputy prime minister elected by and from the members of Parliament; election last held 2 August 2002 (next to be held NA) election results: Saufatu SOPOANGA elected prime minister; Parliamentary vote - Saufatu SOPOANGA 8, Amasone KILEI 7 |
administered from Canberra by the Department of the Environment, Sport, and Territories |
| Exports | $276,000 f.o.b. (1997) | - |
| Exports - commodities | copra, fish | - |
| Exports - partners | UK 58.3%, Italy 16.7%, Denmark 8.3%, Fiji 8.3% (2002) | - |
| Fiscal year | calendar year | - |
| Flag description | light blue with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant; the outer half of the flag represents a map of the country with nine yellow five-pointed stars symbolizing the nine islands | the flag of Australia is used |
| GDP | purchasing power parity - $12.2 million (2000 est.) | - |
| GDP - composition by sector | agriculture: NA%
industry: NA% services: NA% |
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| GDP - per capita | purchasing power parity - $1,100 (2000 est.) | - |
| GDP - real growth rate | 3% (2000 est.) | - |
| Geographic coordinates | 8 00 S, 178 00 E | 18 00 S, 152 00 E |
| Geography - note | one of the smallest and most remote countries on Earth; six of the coral atolls - Nanumea, Nui, Vaitupu, Nukufetau, Funafuti, and Nukulaelae - have lagoons open to the ocean; Nanumaya and Niutao have landlocked lagoons; Niulakita does not have a lagoon | important nesting area for birds and turtles |
| Highways | total: 8 km
paved: 0 km unpaved: 8 km (1999 est.) |
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| Household income or consumption by percentage share | lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA% |
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| Imports | $7.2 million c.i.f. (1998) | - |
| Imports - commodities | food, animals, mineral fuels, machinery, manufactured goods | - |
| Imports - partners | Hungary 68.2%, Japan 12.9%, Fiji 11.9% (2002) | - |
| Independence | 1 October 1978 (from UK) | - |
| Industrial production growth rate | NA% | - |
| Industries | fishing, tourism, copra | - |
| Infant mortality rate | total: 21.34 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 24.35 deaths/1,000 live births female: 18.18 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.) |
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| Inflation rate (consumer prices) | 5% (2000 est.) | - |
| International organization participation | ACP, AsDB, C, ESCAP, IFRCS (associate), ITU, Sparteca, SPC, SPF, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WTrO (applicant) | - |
| Internet Service Providers (ISPs) | 1 (2000) | - |
| Irrigated land | NA sq km | 0 sq km (1998 est.) |
| Judicial branch | High Court (a chief justice visits twice a year to preside over its sessions; its rulings can be appealed to the Court of Appeal in Fiji); eight Island Courts (with limited jurisdiction) | - |
| Labor force | 7,000 (2001 est.) | - |
| Labor force - by occupation | people make a living mainly through exploitation of the sea, reefs, and atolls and from wages sent home by those abroad (mostly workers in the phosphate industry and sailors) | - |
| Land boundaries | 0 km | 0 km |
| Land use | arable land: 0%
permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (1998 est.) |
arable land: 0%
permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (mostly grass or scrub cover) (2001) |
| Languages | Tuvaluan, English, Samoan, Kiribati (on the island of Nui) | - |
| Legal system | NA | the laws of Australia, where applicable, apply |
| Legislative branch | unicameral Parliament or Fale I Fono, also called House of Assembly (15 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms)
elections: last held 25 July 2002 (next to be held NA 2006) election results: percent of vote - NA%; seats - independents 15 |
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| Life expectancy at birth | total population: 67.32 years
male: 65.15 years female: 69.59 years (2003 est.) |
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| Literacy | definition: NA%
total population: NA% male: NA% female: NA% |
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| Location | Oceania, island group consisting of nine coral atolls in the South Pacific Ocean, about one-half of the way from Hawaii to Australia | Oceania, islands in the Coral Sea, northeast of Australia |
| Map references | Oceania | Oceania |
| Maritime claims | contiguous zone: 24 NM
exclusive economic zone: 200 NM territorial sea: 12 NM |
territorial sea: 3 nm
exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm |
| Merchant marine | total: 4 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 33,199 GRT/56,187 DWT
ships by type: cargo 2, passenger/cargo 1, petroleum tanker 1 note: includes some foreign-owned ships registered here as a flag of convenience: Germany 5 (2002 est.) |
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| Military - note | - | defense is the responsibility of Australia; visited regularly by the Royal Australian Navy; Australia has control over the activities of visitors |
| Military branches | no regular military forces; Police Force (includes Maritime Surveillance Unit for search and rescue missions and surveillance operations) | - |
| Military expenditures - dollar figure | $NA | - |
| Military expenditures - percent of GDP | NA% | - |
| National holiday | Independence Day, 1 October (1978) | - |
| Nationality | noun: Tuvaluan(s)
adjective: Tuvaluan |
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| Natural hazards | severe tropical storms are usually rare, but, in 1997, there were three cyclones; low level of islands make them very sensitive to changes in sea level | occasional tropical cyclones |
| Natural resources | fish | NEGL |
| Net migration rate | 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2003 est.) | - |
| Political parties and leaders | there are no political parties but members of Parliament usually align themselves in informal groupings | - |
| Political pressure groups and leaders | none | - |
| Population | 11,305 (July 2003 est.) | no indigenous inhabitants
note: there is a staff of three to four at the meteorological station (2004 est.) |
| Population below poverty line | NA% | - |
| Population growth rate | 1.42% (2003 est.) | - |
| Ports and harbors | Funafuti, Nukufetau | none; offshore anchorage only |
| Radio broadcast stations | AM 1, FM 0, shortwave 0 (1999) | - |
| Railways | 0 km | - |
| Religions | Church of Tuvalu (Congregationalist) 97%, Seventh-Day Adventist 1.4%, Baha'i 1%, other 0.6% | - |
| Sex ratio | at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.93 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.67 male(s)/female total population: 0.95 male(s)/female (2003 est.) |
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| Suffrage | 18 years of age; universal | - |
| Telephone system | general assessment: serves particular needs for internal communications
domestic: radiotelephone communications between islands international: NA |
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| Telephones - main lines in use | 1,000 (1997) | - |
| Telephones - mobile cellular | 0 (1994) | - |
| Television broadcast stations | 0 (1997) | - |
| Terrain | very low-lying and narrow coral atolls | sand and coral reefs and islands (or cays) |
| Total fertility rate | 3.05 children born/woman (2003 est.) | - |
| Unemployment rate | NA% | - |
| Waterways | none | - |
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